Awakening

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Land Theft and Racism: The Impact of Illegal Israeli Settlements on Palestinians

By Phalapoem editor, 8/12/2024

The illegal Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank are a glaring violation of international law, perpetuating a system of apartheid and dispossession for Palestinians. Beyond their illegality, the settlements are hubs of violence and racism, where terrorists settlers carry out daily acts of aggression against Palestinian communities, always with impunity. This toxic combination of land theft and dehumanization continues to deepen the suffering of Palestinians while undermining any prospects for peace.

Illegal Israeli Settlements: A Violation of International Law

The establishment of Israeli settlements in the West Bank began after the 1967 war, when Israel occupied Palestinian territories, including the West Bank and East Jerusalem. These illegal settlements, now numbering more than 200, house over 700,000 Israeli settlers.

1. Violating the Fourth Geneva Convention:

The Fourth Geneva Convention prohibits an occupying power from transferring its civilian population into the territory it occupies. Israeli settlements blatantly violate this principle, yet Israel continues to expand them despite widespread international condemnation.

2. Land Theft and ethnic cleansing:

Settlements are usually built on confiscated Palestinian land, forcing Palestinian families to abandon their homes, farms, and livelihoods. This theft is accompanied by the demolition of Palestinian houses and the denial of building permits, further displacing communities.

3. Fragmentation of Palestinian Territory:

The settlements, along with the network of settler-only roads and countless of military checkpoints, fragment Palestinian land into disconnected enclaves. This makes the establishment of a contiguous Palestinian state nearly impossible, undermining the two-state solution.

4. Lack of Accountability:

Despite repeated UN resolutions declaring the settlements illegal, Israeli occupation continues to expand them, emboldened by the lack of meaningful consequences from the international community.

Racist Behavior of Settlers Toward Palestinians

Settlers, particularly those in extremist outposts, often engage in violent and racist acts against Palestinians, creating a climate of terror, fear and hostility. These terrorist actions are not punished but often encouraged by Israeli authorities or overlooked by the military.

1. Violence and Harassment:

• Settlers frequently attack Palestinians, burning homes, mosques, and agricultural fields.

• Acts of violence, such as stonings, shootings, and physical assaults, have become routine.

• Farmers are targeted during harvest seasons, with settlers destroying crops or preventing Palestinians from accessing their land.

2. “Price Tag” Attacks:

Terrorists settlers carry out “price tag” attacks—acts of violence and vandalism aimed at intimidating Palestinians as a form of retaliation for any perceived challenge to settlement expansion. This includes arson, graffiti with racist slogans, and property destruction.

3. Dehumanizing behavior:

Terrorists settlers often treat Palestinians as subhuman, verbally abusing them with racist slurs. In some cases, settlers teach their children to taunt and harass Palestinian children, perpetuating a culture of hatred and racism.

4. Military Complicity:

The Israeli occupation military, which is supposed to maintain order, often turns a blind eye to settler violence. In many cases, soldiers actively protect settlers during attacks, while suppressing Palestinian attempts to defend themselves. This double standard reinforces the systemic oppression of Palestinians.

Impact on Palestinian Lives

The combination of settlement expansion and settler terrorism has devastating consequences for Palestinians:

• Loss of Land and Livelihoods: Farmers lose access to their land, while families are displaced from their homes, forced to live under constant threat of eviction.

• Restricted Movement: Settlements, checkpoints, and settler-only roads severely restrict Palestinian freedom of movement, isolating communities and limiting access to work, healthcare, and education.

• Psychological Trauma: The daily threat of Israeli terrorism, combined with systemic oppression, creates a sense of hopelessness and fear among Palestinian families, particularly children.

• Erosion of Cultural Heritage: Historic sites and agricultural traditions are destroyed as settlements encroach on Palestinian villages.

International Response and Failure to Act

While the international community has condemned Israeli settlements as illegal, concrete action to hold Israel accountable remains absent.

• UN Resolutions: The UN has repeatedly declared settlements a violation of international law, including Resolution 2334 in 2016, which demanded an end to settlement activity. However, these resolutions lack enforcement mechanisms.

• Selective Accountability: Governments that claim to uphold international law like the USA and UK often turn a blind eye to Israel’s actions, prioritizing political alliances over human rights.

The Moral and Legal Imperative for Action

The illegal Israeli settlements and racist behavior of terrorists settlers toward Palestinians represent a moral and legal crisis that the world cannot ignore. To end this cycle of oppression, the following steps must be taken:

1. Demand Accountability: The international community must impose tangible consequences, such as dismantling of existing settlements and  sanctions, for settlement expansion and settler terrorism.

2. Protect Palestinians: International observers or peacekeepers should be deployed to safeguard Palestinian communities from state-protected settler terrorism.

3. Support Palestinian Rights: Governments and organizations must actively support Palestinian efforts for self-determination and justice, including recognizing Palestinian sovereignty over their land.

The illegal Israeli settlements in the West Bank are not just a violation of international law—they are a symbol of the systemic oppression , apartheid and dehumanization of Palestinians. The racist actions of terrorists settlers, coupled with the complicity of the Israeli occupation, highlight the urgent need for global action to end this injustice. Until these issues are addressed, the cycle of violence and ethnic cleansing will continue, undermining peace and perpetuating the suffering of millions of Palestinians.

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When Human Rights Become Disposable

The Cowardice of Governments Facing Gaza and the Price of Political Careers, Economic Power and American Bullying

S.T. Salah, 11/10/26

There is a question that should haunt every government claiming to defend democracy, freedom and human rights: what value do these principles have when they are abandoned the moment their defence becomes politically or economically inconvenient?

For the devastated people of Gaza, this is not an abstract philosophical question. It is a matter of life and death.

For years, Palestinians have endured fascist Israeli apartheid and brutal occupation, genocide, ethnic cleansing and restrictions on their freedom. Since October 2023, the world has witnessed the devastation of Gaza, the destruction of homes and hospitals, the displacement of families and the deaths of tens thousands of civilians, including more than 21000 children.

Yet the international response has exposed a profound contradiction. Governments that speak confidently about international law and humanitarian values have too often failed to translate their declarations into effective action.

The question is not whether governments possess the language of human rights. They do. The question is whether they possess the courage to defend those rights when doing so threatens their alliances, commercial interests or political careers.

Western governments frequently present themselves as guardians of a rules-based international order. They condemn violations committed by adversaries, impose sanctions and insist that international law must be respected. Yet when a close ally is accused of genocide, their language often changes. Condemnation becomes cautious, concrete measures are delayed, and military cooperation may continue despite credible facts about the consequences for civilians.

International law cannot operate as a privilege reserved for the enemies of powerful states. The protection of civilians cannot depend on political alliances. Nor should the value of a Palestinian child’s life be measured against the strategic usefulness of the state whose military actions contributed to that child’s death.

The tragedy of Gaza genocide has exposed the gulf between what governments proclaim and what they are prepared to do.

Tens of thousands Children have been killed , injured, orphaned and deprived of the basic conditions necessary for survival by Israeli occupation forces. Families have lost their homes and loved ones. The scale of the suffering raises fundamental questions about the conduct of hostilities, the protection of civilians and the willingness of the international community to enforce its own standards.

No uncertainty over an individual casualty figure can erase the reality of mass civilian suffering. Civilians must be protected, humanitarian relief must reach those in need, and credible allegations of serious violations must be investigated impartially. Where war crimes are established, accountability must follow.

These obligations do not disappear because the state concerned is a strategic ally of the United States or any other powerful country.

The United States occupies a central position in the international political and economic system. Its financial reach, sanctions, diplomatic influence and security partnerships give it extraordinary leverage over other nations. That power can be used to defend international stability, but it can also become a source of coercion.

When Washington threatens or imposes economic measures against governments, officials or institutions because of their positions on Israeli apartheid regime, the consequences extend beyond those directly targeted. Other governments may conclude that supporting international accountability, restricting arms transfers or challenging Israeli fascist policy could expose them to economic retaliation or diplomatic isolation.

This is how power can undermine the very principles that democratic governments claim to defend.

Economic sanctions are not inherently illegitimate. Their justification depends on their purpose, legal basis and circumstances. But using economic leverage to discourage legitimate human rights accountability raises a fundamental question: can justice remain independent when powerful states can impose a price on those who seek it?

A government should not have to choose between defending international law and protecting its population from arbitrary economic punishment. Nor should powerful states be able to use their economic influence to shield allies from legitimate scrutiny.

The test of an independent foreign policy is not whether a government can speak freely when there is nothing to lose. It is whether it can uphold its principles when doing so carries a price.

Silence is complicity and cannot be defended when the evidence of genocide, war crimes, and endless civilian suffering is overwhelming, the risks are clear and governments possess the capacity to take meaningful action.

The questions become more serious when states continue military assistance, arms transfers, intelligence cooperation or logistical support despite credible warnings that such cooperation could contribute to unlawful acts.

Legal responsibility depends on the particular conduct, knowledge and applicable law. It must be established through evidence, not assertion. Nevertheless, governments have a duty to examine the foreseeable consequences of their actions, assess the risks and suspend or restrict support where their legal obligations require it.

No government should be able to hide behind diplomatic language while avoiding questions about what it supplied, what it knew, what it could have prevented and what it chose to do.

There is another uncomfortable explanation for international inaction: political calculation.

Leaders depend on party support, voters, donors, commercial interests and diplomatic relationships. Taking a principled position can create conflict within a governing coalition, threaten commercial arrangements or invite retaliation from a powerful ally.

The temptation is therefore to say enough to demonstrate concern, but not enough to change the circumstances producing genocide and ethnic cleansing.

A statement of regret is easier than an arms restriction. A call for restraint is easier than meaningful enforcement. A promise to review policy is easier than accepting the political consequences of a decision.

Not every hesitation proves personal ambition or bad faith. But the incentives are unmistakable. Political leaders may face immediate costs for taking action, while the consequences of inaction are borne by people far beyond their own electorates.

This imbalance lies at the heart of the international failure to protect Palestinians from Israeli brutal, endless and fascist wars.

Human rights are not campaign slogans to be displayed during elections and discarded in government. They are obligations precisely because respecting them is not always convenient.

When powerful countries appear to apply international law selectively, they weaken the authority of the institutions and rules they expect others to respect. Governments elsewhere can point to these inconsistencies to dismiss criticism of their own conduct. Victims of abuses become less likely to believe that international institutions will protect them. The language of human rights risks becoming associated with geopolitical convenience rather than universal justice.

This is not merely a reputational problem for Western governments. It is a structural problem for international law.

A system in which enforcement depends on alliances will inevitably protect some victims more effectively than others. A system in which economic power determines who may be held accountable will struggle to command genuine legitimacy.

The answer is not to abandon international law because powerful states apply it inconsistently. It is to demand that its principles be applied consistently through independent investigations, impartial judicial processes, transparent arms-export decisions and accountability for violations by all parties.

The same legal standards must apply to Israelis, Palestinians and allies and adversaries, powerful and weaker states alike. Equal standards do not erase differences in conduct or responsibility. They make fair assessment possible.

Courage in international affairs requires a willingness to accept reasonable political and economic costs in order to uphold obligations that governments have already undertaken.

It means assessing arms transfers against credible evidence and applicable legal duties. It means cooperating with independent investigations and international courts. It means supporting humanitarian access, protecting civilians and refusing to obstruct legitimate accountability mechanisms. It means making foreign policy decisions transparent enough for citizens and parliaments to scrutinise them. It means support dismantling and end of the illegal occupation of Palestine and fascist Israeli apartheid regime.

It also means resisting coercive pressure when that pressure seeks to prevent lawful scrutiny or the exercise of legitimate judicial functions.

Accountability should not depend on whether a decision is popular in Washington, convenient in London or commercially attractive elsewhere.

The israeli genocide in Gaza exposes a question that the international community cannot escape: are human rights genuine obligations, or are they conditional privileges granted when powerful governments find them convenient?

If governments condemn abuses in one country while tolerating comparable violations in another, their credibility suffers. If they speak of protecting civilians while ignoring the foreseeable consequences of policies they support, their declarations ring hollow. If economic threats can silence those who seek accountability, the protection of human rights becomes vulnerable to the very power it is meant to restrain.

The people of Gaza should not have to depend on the political calculations of foreign leaders for recognition of their humanity. Their rights do not originate in Washington, London, Brussels or any other capital. They do not require the approval of a powerful ally.

History may record the speeches made during this catastrophe. It will also record the decisions governments took, the assistance they provided, the measures they refused to adopt and the opportunities they missed to protect human life.

The question for every leader is simple: when the moment came to defend the principles they proclaimed, did they uphold them, or did they calculate the cost and look away?

Human rights cannot remain meaningful if political careers, strategic alliances and economic coercion are permitted to override them.

A world in which justice depends on the permission of the powerful is not a world governed by universal human rights. It is a world governed by power, with human rights invoked when convenient and abandoned when they become costly.

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From Dictatorship to Extremism: The Arab World’s Struggle for Hope and Stability

By Phalapoem editor, 8/12/2024

The Arab world has witnessed some of the most tumultuous political transformations in recent history. Nations that were once ruled by iron-fisted dictators have, in many cases, fallen into the grip of extremist groups or fragmented into chaos, leaving their citizens caught in an endless cycle of suffering. While the hope for reform once flickered during moments of upheaval, many Arab nations now stand as cautionary tales of what happens when authoritarianism and extremism collide to snuff out the possibility of lasting peace, stability, and progress.

The Dictator’s Grip: False Stability at a Price

For decades, many Arab countries were ruled by authoritarian regimes, with leaders who clung to power through coercion, nepotism, and repression. Leaders like Saddam Hussein in Iraq, Muammar Gaddafi in Libya, and Hafez al-Assad in Syria maintained an illusion of stability, often bolstered by state propaganda and international support from superpowers with vested interests.

Under their rule, dissent was crushed, political freedoms were nonexistent, and citizens were forced to endure the whims of unchecked power. Yet, in some cases, these regimes maintained fragile national unity, infrastructure development, and a semblance of order—albeit at the expense of human rights.

The Arab Spring: A Flicker of Hope

The 2011 Arab Spring ignited waves of protests across the region, as citizens rose up to demand dignity, freedom, and democracy. These uprisings toppled long-standing dictators, such as Tunisia’s Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak, and Libya’s Gaddafi. For a brief moment, hope surged, and the possibility of a democratic and inclusive future seemed within reach.

However, the aftermath of these uprisings revealed deep-seated structural weaknesses in many Arab nations. Years of authoritarianism had destroyed institutions, stifled political pluralism, and fostered widespread corruption. As regimes crumbled, power vacuums emerged, creating opportunities for extremist groups to exploit the chaos.

The Rise of Extremism: Chaos Replacing Tyranny

In the absence of functioning states, extremist groups  and their affiliates capitalized on the instability. Iraq, a nation already ravaged by decades of war and the aftermath of the U.S.-led invasion, became the epicenter of extremist violence. Syria, caught in a brutal civil war, devolved into a battleground between the Assad regime, opposition groups, and other factions. Libya descended into tribal conflicts and lawlessness, while Yemen became embroiled in a proxy war fueled by regional powers.

Extremism thrives in environments of despair and disenfranchisement. Many citizens in these nations, disillusioned by the failure of both dictators and revolutionaries, found themselves trapped between oppressive regimes and violent militants. The resulting destruction has left millions displaced, economies shattered, and entire generations robbed of education, security, and hope.

A Window of Hope?

Despite the bleakness, glimmers of hope remain. In Tunisia, the birthplace of the Arab Spring, a fragile democracy has emerged, though it continues to grapple with economic challenges and political instability. Grassroots movements in countries like Sudan have shown the resilience of civil society, even in the face of military coups.

However, these examples are exceptions rather than the rule. For many Arab nations, the road to recovery seems impossibly distant. The international community’s interventions, often driven by self-interest rather than genuine concern, have at times exacerbated the region’s woes.

The Way Forward

The plight of Arab nations demands a holistic approach to break the cycle of dictatorship, extremism, and despair. Key steps include:

1. Rebuilding Institutions: Strong, inclusive institutions are the backbone of any stable society. Reconstructing state structures must prioritize rule of law, accountability, and equity.

2. Empowering Civil Society: Activists, community leaders, and local organizations must be given the tools and platforms to advocate for change from within, free from repression.

3. Economic Reform: Addressing poverty, unemployment, and inequality is critical. Without economic opportunities, extremism will continue to appeal to the disenfranchised.

4. International Responsibility: The global community must move beyond exploitative interventions and instead support sustainable development, mediation, and peace-building efforts.

5. Fostering Dialogue: Healing fractured societies requires dialogue among political factions, ethnic groups, and religious communities to rebuild trust and national identity.

The trajectory of Arab nations transitioning from dictatorship to extremism is a tragic reminder of how deeply entrenched corruption, power struggles, and foreign interference can perpetuate cycles of violence and despair. Yet, history has also shown that resilience and the human spirit can endure even in the darkest times. The Arab world’s future hinges on breaking free from the forces that have long suffocated it and nurturing a new vision of governance that prioritizes justice, inclusion, and hope. Without it, the region risks remaining trapped in an endless limbo of suffering.

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“I LOST MY TEMPER. WASHINGTON LOST ITS MORAL COMPASS.”

Phalapoem editor, 11/10/26

Screenshot
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What Would You do if a Thief Steals Your Home , Your Water, Burn Your Olive Trees, and Kills Your Kids, Whole Family and Livestock?

https://twitter.com/brboyd89/status/1739900049910546553?s=46
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Plan Dalet’s Shadow: Echoes of Displacement

Background
Plan Dalet was a Zionist military plan executed in the civil war phase of the 1948 Palestine war for the conquest of territory in Mandatory Palestine in preparation for the establishment of a Jewish state. 

Zion’s early strife profound,
“Transfer” whispers, dark sound.
’37, Zurich’s Congress pain,
’48, Plan Dalet’s gain.

Post-Israel birth, Transfer’s hand,
Deir Yassin’s darkened land.
By ’48, a dire cost,
Nakba’s tale, echoes lost.

Posted in Evidence of Israeli Fascism and Nazism and Genocide, Massacres & genocides, News from the apartheid, Palestinian art & culture, Palestinian diaspora, Poems | Leave a comment

Despair and the Erosion of Hope: The Palestinian Struggle

By Phalapoem editor , 10/12/2024

The Palestinian struggle has been defined by decades of illegal Israeli occupation, apartheid system, genocides, ethnic cleansing, and systemic oppression, leading to a pervasive sense of despair and a diminishing hope for a just and peaceful resolution. As the situation continues to deteriorate, the psychological and social toll on Palestinians has become increasingly profound, leaving many grappling with a reality where basic freedoms, stability, and dignity seem perpetually out of reach.

A Life Under Occupation

For Palestinians living in the occupied territories, despair stems from the constant realities of brutal and inhumane Israeli military control, land theft, and a lack of dignity. The expansion of illegal Israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem has systematically eroded the possibility of a contiguous Palestinian state. Coupled with the demolition of homes and infrastructure, this encroachment has left many Palestinians feeling that their homeland is being steadily erased.

In Gaza, the blockade imposed since 2007 has created dire humanitarian conditions, with more than 2 million people enduring starvation, chronic shortages of clean water, electricity, and medical supplies. Repeated Israeli military strikes , like those in May 2021 and October 2023, have killed  and injured hundreds of thousands further amplifying the sense of despair. For many, life in Gaza is marked by a cycle of destruction and rebuilding, with no end in sight.

Youth and the Loss of a Future

Young Palestinians, who make up a significant portion of the population, bear the brunt of these struggles. High unemployment rates, limited access to education, and travel restrictions stifle their ambitions. For many, the possibility of achieving a better life outside their circumstances feels unattainable. This has created a generation that, while resilient, often feels trapped in an apartheid system designed to deny them opportunities.

The psychological impact on youth is immense. Studies indicate high levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Palestinian children and adolescents. The absence of hope for a stable future, combined with the loss of loved ones and exposure to constant Israeli violence, has created an environment where despair becomes a normalized aspect of life.

Diplomatic Stalemates and the Collapse of Hope

The failure of peace processes, such as the Oslo Accords, and the lack of meaningful international intervention have exacerbated the collective hopelessness. While the international community often issues statements of concern, tangible actions to hold Israel accountable for violations of international law remain absent. Palestinians increasingly view the global response as one of complicity or indifference.

Palestinian leadership has also faced criticism, with many accusing it of corruption and ineffectiveness. This lack of faith in both local and international actors deepens the sense of abandonment felt by many.

Resilience Amid Despair

Despite these challenges, Palestinians have continued to demonstrate remarkable resilience. Cultural preservation, grassroots activism, and international solidarity movements provide glimmers of hope. Nonviolent resistance efforts, such as protests against settlement expansions and creative expressions of Palestinian identity through art and literature, serve as reminders that the struggle is not only about survival but also about asserting a right to exist with dignity.

The Need for Justice and Accountability

For hope to be restored, tangible actions must be taken to address the root causes of despair. This includes holding parties accountable for human rights violations, ending the illegal Israeli occupation, and ensuring Palestinians’ right to self-determination. Without these steps, the current trajectory of despair and hopelessness will continue to deepen.

The Palestinian struggle is one of humanity’s enduring tragedies—a story of a people whose resilience is tested daily by Zionist forces that seek to erase their presence. Yet amid the despair, the Palestinian spirit endures, reminding the world that justice remains a universal aspiration, even in the face of overwhelming odds.

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Israeli Occupation; The Serial Hospital Bomber

Background:
500 innocent people were killed in an Israeli airstrike on Al-Ahli Arab Hospital in Gaza. 

In the crowded hospital, where silence weeps,
The Serial Bomber in sorrow’s keeps.
Al-Ahli Arab Hospital, a fortress of pain,
500 souls lost, in a relentless rain.

Israeli storms, a merciless roar,
Innocence shattered, forevermore.
Burning rooms, a funeral pyre,
Images of despair, the world does tire.

Hospitals crumble, in a deadly embrace,
Innocent lives lost, without a trace.
A plea in the shadows, justice implores,
For humanity to heal, as sadness pours.

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Top Tip for Self-Defence

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Israel’s Apartheid and It’s Foundation of Shameful Lies

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“Fugitive Netanyahu will destroy the region and still claimed that he had no choice”

Phalapoem editor, 2/10/26


Posted in Evidence of Israeli Fascism and Nazism and Genocide, Mehdi Hassan, Phalapoem editor, USA | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

US intelligence casts doubt on Israeli claims of UNRWA-Hamas links, report says

Guardian staff.

Thu 22 Feb 2024 17.58 GMT

Intel report says some accusations that aid workers participated in Hamas attacks credible but could not be independently verified

A US intelligence assessment of Israel’s claims that UN aid agency staff members participated in the Hamas attack on 7 October said some of the accusations were credible, though could not be independently verified, while also casting doubt on claims of wider links to militant groups.

The assault precipitated a full-scale invasion by Israel of Gaza that has killed upwards of 30,000 Palestinians. Earlier this year, Israel accused 12 employees of the United Nations Reliefs and Works Agency (UNRWA) of participating in the 7 October attacks alongside Hamas. It also said 10% of all UNRWA workers were affiliated with Hamas.

The bombshell accusation led several countries, including the US, to cut off funding for the agency, which was a crucial vehicle for getting aid to Gaza in what has widely been described as a humanitarian crisis.

According to the Wall Street Journal, the intelligence report, released last week, assessed with “low confidence” that a handful of staff had participated in the attack, indicating that it considered the accusations to be credible though it could not independently confirm their veracity.

It cast doubt, however, on accusations that the UN agency was collaborating with Hamas in a wider way. The Journal said the report mentioned that although the UNRWA does coordinate with Hamas in order to deliver aid and operate in the region, there was a lack of evidence to suggest it partnered with the group.

It added that Israel has not “shared the raw intelligence behind its assessments with the US”.

In addition, the report notes Israel’s dislike towards the UNRWA, two sources familiar with it told the Journal. “There is a specific section that mentions how Israeli bias serves to mischaracterize much of their assessments on UNRWA and says this has resulted in distortions,” one source reportedly said.

The four-page report by the National Intelligence Council was circulated across US government officials last week, the Journal reported. Established in 1979, the NIC comprises senior and veteran intelligence analysts who work alongside US policymakers on American policy.

Antony Blinken, the secretary of state, said in January that Israel’s accusations were “highly, highly credible”. Nine of the staff accused were sacked by the head of agency, who said he followed “reverse due process” in doing so. Philippe Lazzarini, the commissioner general of the UNRWA, told a press conference in Jerusalem earlier in February that he had not investigated the evidence before the firing.

“I could have suspended them, but I have fired them. And now I have an investigation, and if the investigation tells us that this was wrong, in that case at the UN we will take a decision on how to properly compensate [them],” he said.

On Wednesday, Lazzarini told Haaretz that the agency was asking Israel to “fully cooperate to provide the evidence to the investigation team”.

Pointing to Israel’s claims that about 10% of the UNRWA’s workers are affiliated with Hamas, Lazzarini told the outlet: “I read in the newspapers about 190 or 1,200 [employees] we have not been notified [about] … We do not have this information, we do not know where this information is coming [from], we do not know if it is an estimate. We do not know if it is just speculation.”

With around 2 million Palestinians forcibly displaced by Israel’s attacks on Gaza since 7 October, the majority of survivors have been seeking refuge in Rafah. As Palestinians grapple with severe shortages of food, water, fuel and medical aid, the UN has warned of a looming public health disaster.

“We have completely geared from what I would [call] the traditional public-like services provided to the Palestinian refugees and a human development type of activities to an emergency type of response which is primarily lifesaving – how to help people find a shelter,” Lazzarini told Haaretz.

“We’re trying to keep our primary health care system afloat as much as possible in order that people do not overcrowd the hospitals that are overflowing with what I would call primary war surgery.”

Meanwhile, a separate UN report released on Monday by a group of UN experts expressed alarm over “credible allegations” of Palestinian women and girls being subjected to “multiple forms of sexual assault … by male Israeli army officers”.

The allegations include rape and detention of Palestinian women in cages, in addition to “photos of female detainees in degrading circumstances … reportedly taken by the Israeli army and uploaded online”.

“We remind the government of Israel of its obligation to uphold the right to life, safety, health, and dignity of Palestinian women and girls and to ensure that no one is subjected to violence, torture, ill-treatment or degrading treatment, including sexual violence,” the UN experts said.

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